Midwest state officials crafting a regional low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) are likely to propose a less stringent indirect land-use greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions penalty for corn-based ethanol than California has adopted and Northeast officials are pursuing, setting up a potential clash among the regions and possibly complicating any efforts to develop a national policy. The Midwest approach to an LCFS would benefit corn growers and demonstrates the influence of the powerful agriculture lobby, which could help shape how federal regulators...